Title: Micro-fibre pollination bags and high viability Pinus patula pollen enhance cone survival and seed set during controlled pollination
Authors: Nel, A; van Staden, J
Authors affiliation: Sappi Forest Res, Shaw Res Ctr, POB 473, ZA-3290, Howick, South Africa.
Published in: South African Journal of Botany, volumn 69, pages 469-475, (2003).
Abstract: " The influence of four types of isolation material and pollen viability on cone survival and seed set during controlled pollination of Pinus patula Scheide et Deppe was investigated. Very low cone-survival figures for controlled pollination of P. patula are reported by the forestry industry in South Africa. The reported studies were conducted over two pollination seasons in 1997 and 1998 and the effect of treatments was monitored during the done development period (22 months) and was extended to a cone-analysis study after harvest. Cone-survival 20 months after pollination varied between 36% and 46% for micro-fibre isolation material compared to 19% to 32% for polythene. Developed seed yields also improved when micro-fibre material was used, with white micro-fibre (98) yielding best results compared to green micro-fibre (64), polythene (67) and sponge (56). Relative humidity (RH) inside the microfibre bags was up to 20% below ambient during daytime hours, while the polythene and sponge treatments maintained increased levels of relative humidity, 40-50% higher than ambient. All bag types displayed increas;ed temperatures over ambient, with the sponge treatment reaching temperatures as much as 10degreeC higher than ambient. The use of high viability pollen increased cone survival at harvest by 23% and mean number of developed seeds by 21 seeds per cone. The type of isolation material used during controlled pollination has a major impact on cone survival and seed set, while the role of pollen viability and self-pollination in successful controlled pollination was demonstrated."
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Title: Technique for emasculation and pollination of West Indian cherry (Malpighia emarginata Sesse & Moc. ex DC.).
Original Title Tecnica para emasculacao e polinizacao de acerola (Malpighia emarginata Sesse & Moc. ex Dc.),
Authors: Gomes, Jose Everaldo; Perecin, Dilermando; Martins, Antonio Baldo Geraldo; Pavani, Maria do Carmo M. D.; de Almeida, Eduardo Jose
Authors affiliation: Departamento de Ciencias Exatas - Faculdade de Ciencias Agrarias e Veterinarias, UNESP, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, 14884-900, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil.
Published in: Cientifica (Jaboticabal), volumn 30, pages 135-141, (2002).
Abstract: “Crossing among plants is an essential procedure for the breeder. The familiarity with the flowering habits and the floral morphology enables to perform the emasculation technique and the wanted pollination. The objective of this article is to describe a technique for selection, procedures and schedules adapted for emasculation and pollination of floral buds in West Indian cherry. This way, so that the emasculation and the pollination are proceeded with the culture of the West Indian cherry, it is necessary to provide the following requirements: schedule of the floral anthesis, chooses of the bud swell suitable for the emasculation, technique of elimination of the petals and of the stamens, isolation of the floral bud with microfiber bags, examination of the success of the emasculation and pollination practice. The floral anthesis at Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil, occurs from 4:40 a.m. to 7:30 a.m. and 1:00 to 5:00 p.m., in the last and first months of the year. The floral buds adequate for emasculation are found in the afternoon and in the morning. The emasculation technique demands cares, from the way to immobilize the bud to the elimination of the petals and of the stamens. A bag adapted for isolation of the floral bud has 9X14 cm, made of microfiber with porosity of 50 to 80 mum. After the pollination, the breeder can examine the success of the crossing and remove the bag after three days or to check and open the bag with 19 to 21 days, with the mature fruit.”