Color inheritance is very messy in such complex hybrids as modern roses – basically all you can count on is getting a pink from nearly every cross you make!
The question regarding incompatibility between different groups of roses I think probably arrises from the problem of polyploidy – there are other barriers to hybridizations between different roses, but it is probably the biggest. To put it simply (Ha. I’ll try) different groups of roses have different numbers of chromosomes The main two groups are the tetraploids (28 chromosomes) and the diploids (14 chromosomes) Basically, a hybrid between a tetraploid and another tetraploid will usually work smoothly, and a hybrid between two diploids will usually work smoothly. There are LOTS and LOTS of exceptions to that, and it gets very much more complex, but I’ll leave it at that unless you want more detail.
The tetraploids include all hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, miniature roses, almost all of the old rose classes – gallicas, albas, bourbons, and yes, mosses, to name a few. Joseph’s Coat is also a tetraploid as are many modern climbers.
Diploids include the rugosa roses, teas, chinas, ployanthas, and a large majority of the species roses.
That is a very incomplete list (and a lot of generalization) but it should serve to give you a general idea. If you want more specifics, look at the links section of this web page – there are some very helpful pages there. And if you are just utterly confused, don’t worry about it too much – unless you grow a lot of rugosas, it is very likely that basically all the roses you grow are tetraploid, and should cross-breed with no problem.
Joseph.